Snowball sampling BBA Chapter 5

Data Management Report

Authors
Affiliations

Rainer M. Krug

Tuan Nguyen

Published

January 29, 2024

Doi
Abstract

A snowball literature using OpenAlex will be conducted and all steps documented. The literature search is for Section 5.1 of Chapter 5 of the IPBES Business and Biodiversity assessment.

DOI GitHub release GitHub commits since latest release License: CC BY 4.0

Working Title

Literature search for BBA Chapter 5 Section 5.1

Code repo

IPBES_BBA_Ch5_R&R

Version 0.1.0 Build No 104

Read Key-paper

Code
#|

kp <- jsonlite::read_json(params$keypapers)

dois <- sapply(
    kp,
    function(x) {
        x$DOI
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    unique() |>
    as.character()

dois <- dois[!is.null(dois)]

Of the 16 keypapers, 12 have a DOI and can be used for the further search.

Searches

Searches are conducted with the OpenAlex API. The API is documented here.

Get key_works

Code
#|

fn <- file.path("data", "key_works.rds")
if (!file.exists(fn)) {
    key_works <- oa_fetch(
        entity = "works",
        doi = dois,
        verbose = FALSE
    )
    saveRDS(key_works, fn)
} else {
    key_works <- readRDS(fn)
}

key_works_cit <- IPBES.R::abbreviate_authors(key_works)

Setup OpenAlex usage and do snowball serarch

Code
#|

ids <- openalexR:::shorten_oaid(key_works$id)

fn <- file.path("data", "snowball.rds")
if (file.exists(fn)) {
    snowball <- readRDS(fn)
} else {
    snowball <- oa_snowball(
        identifier = ids,
        verbose = FALSE
    )
    saveRDS(snowball, fn)
}

flat_snow <- snowball2df(snowball) |>
    tibble::as_tibble()

Supplemented edges between all papers

Code
#|

fn <- file.path("data", "snowball_supplemented.rds")
if (file.exists(fn)) {
    snowball_supplemented <- readRDS(fn)
} else {
    new_edges <- tibble(
        from = character(0),
        to = character(0)
    )

    works <- snowball$nodes$id

    for (i in 1:nrow(snowball$nodes)) {
        from <- works[[i]]
        to <- gsub("https://openalex.org/", "", snowball$nodes$referenced_works[[i]])
        to_in_works <- to[to %in% works]
        if (length(to_in_works) > 0) {
            new_edges <- add_row(
                new_edges,
                tibble(
                    from = from,
                    to = to_in_works
                )
            )
        }
    }

    snowball_supplemented <- snowball
    snowball_supplemented$edges <- add_row(snowball_supplemented$edges, new_edges) |>
        distinct()

    saveRDS(snowball_supplemented, fn)
}

Results

Number of papers cited by keypapers

Code
snowball$edges |>
    filter(from %in% names(key_works_cit)) |>
    unique() |>
    mutate(
        cit = unlist(key_works_cit[from])
    ) |>
    select(cit) |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |>
    arrange(desc(Freq)) |>
    knitr::kable(
        col.names = c("Key paper", "Number of papers"),
        caption = "Number of papers cited by Keypapers in the snowball search"
    )
Number of papers cited by Keypapers in the snowball search
Key paper Number of papers
Panwar et al. (2022) 92
Feger & Mermet (2020) 88
Nedopil (2022) 81
Hassan et al. (2020) 68
Ermgassen et al. (2022) 53
Krause et al. (2020) 53
Boiral & Saizarbitoria (2017) 51
White et al. (2023) 51
Atupola & Gunarathne (2022) 40
Schaltegger et al. (2022) 39
Smith et al. (2019) 11
Lambooy & Levashova (2011) 7
Code
snowball$edges |>
    filter(to %in% names(key_works_cit)) |>
    unique() |>
    mutate(
        cit = unlist(key_works_cit[to]),
    ) |>
    select(cit) |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |>
    arrange(desc(Freq)) |>
    knitr::kable(
        col.names = c("Key paper", "Number of papers"),
        caption = "No of papers citing the Keypapers in the snowball search"
    )
No of papers citing the Keypapers in the snowball search
Key paper Number of papers
Hassan et al. (2020) 52
Boiral & Saizarbitoria (2017) 40
Smith et al. (2019) 36
Lambooy & Levashova (2011) 31
Krause et al. (2020) 21
Ermgassen et al. (2022) 16
Panwar et al. (2022) 16
Feger & Mermet (2020) 14
Schaltegger et al. (2022) 9
Atupola & Gunarathne (2022) 8
White et al. (2023) 5
Nedopil (2022) 3

Export snowball as Excel file

``nwb #| label: openalex_excel #|

fn <- file.path(“.”, “data”, “snowball_excel.xlsx”) if (!file.exists(fn)) { IPBES.R::to_xlsx(snowball, fn) }


To download the Excel file with all references, plese [click here](data/snowball_excel.xlsx).

The column are: (the Concept columns are not that relevant at the moment)

-   **id**: internal id fromOpenAlex
-   **author**: authors of the paper
-   **publication_year**: publication year
-   **title**: title of the paper
-   **doi**: doi of the paper
-   **no_referenced_works**: number of references in the paper which are also in OpenAlex
-   **cited_global**: Number of times the paper has been cited
-   **cited_global_per_year**: standardised number of times cirted (cited_global / number of years published)
-   **no_connections**: number of connections in the rgaph, i.e. either cited or citing a paper in the snowball corpus
-   **concepts_l0**: Concept 0. level assigned by OpenAlex
-   **concepts_l1**: Concept 1. level assigned by OpenAlex
-   **concepts_l2**: Concept 2. level assigned by OpenAlex
-   **concepts_l3**: Concept 3. level assigned by OpenAlex
-   **concepts_l4**: Concept 4. level assigned by OpenAlex
-   **concepts_l5**: Concept 5. level assigned by OpenAlex
-   **author_institute**: Institute of the authors
-   **institute_country**: Country of the institute
-   **abstract**: the abstract of the paper

### Static Citation Network Graph

#### Snowball Search

::: {.cell}

```{.r .cell-code}
#|

name <- "snowball"
if (
    any(
        !file.exists(
            c(
                file.path("figures", paste0(name, "_cited_by_count.png")),
                file.path("figures", paste0(name, "_cited_by_count.pdf")),
                file.path("figures", paste0(name, "_cited_by_count_by_year.png")),
                file.path("figures", paste0(name, "_cited_by_count_by_year.pdf"))
            )
        )
    )
) {
    snowball_p <- snowball

    for  (i in seq_along(key_works_cit)) {
        snowball_p$nodes$id[snowball_p$nodes$id %in% key_works_cit[[i]]["id"]] <- key_works_cit[[i]]["cit"]
        snowball_p$edges$from[snowball_p$edges$from %in% key_works_cit[[i]]["id"]] <- key_works_cit[[i]]["cit"]
        snowball_p$edges$to[snowball_p$edges$to %in% key_works_cit[[i]]["id"]] <- key_works_cit[[i]]["cit"]
    }

    IPBES.R::plot_snowball(snowball_p, name = name, path = "figures")
    rm(snowball_p)
}

:::

Cited by count

To download the highres graph, please click here.

Supplemented Snowball Search

Code
# fn <- file.path("figures", "snowball_supplemented_cited_by_count.html")
# if (file.exists(fn)) {
#     htmltools::includeHTML(fn)
# } else {
IPBES.R::plot_snowball_interactive(
    snowball = snowball_supplemented,
    key_works = key_works,
    file = fn
)
Code
# }

To open the interactive graph in a standalone window click here.

Identification of references with more than one edge

This is the number of connections (connection_count)of the paper (id)

Code
#|

mult_edge <- flat_snow |>
    select(id, connection_count) |>
    filter(connection_count > 1) |>
    arrange(desc(connection_count))

links <- flat_snow |>
    filter(id %in% mult_edge$id)

links |>
    select(id, display_name, publication_year, doi, connection_count) |>
    arrange(desc(connection_count)) |>
    knitr::kable()
id display_name publication_year doi connection_count
W3004209126 Exploring factors relating to extinction disclosures: What motivates companies to report on biodiversity and species protection? 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2442 120
W4281953953 The uncomfortable relationship between business and biodiversity: Advancing research on business strategies for biodiversity protection 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3139 108
W3047230270 New Business Models for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Services: Action Research With a Large Environmental Sector Company 2020 https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026620947145 102
W2623604874 Corporate commitment to biodiversity in mining and forestry: Identifying drivers from GRI reports 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.037 91
W4286223148 Integrating biodiversity into financial decision‐making: Challenges and four principles 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3208 84
W3096206810 What makes businesses commit to nature conservation? 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2650 74
W4307029606 Are corporate biodiversity commitments consistent with delivering ‘nature-positive’ outcomes? A review of ‘nature-positive’ definitions, company progress and challenges 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134798 69
W4312182732 Identifying opportunities to deliver effective and efficient outcomes from business-biodiversity action 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.12.003 56
W4281572040 Institutional pressures for corporate biodiversity management practices in the plantation sector: Evidence from the tea industry in Sri Lanka 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3143 48
W4283009762 Managing and accounting for corporate biodiversity contributions. Mapping the field 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3166 48
W2993436936 Biodiversity means business: Reframing global biodiversity goals for the private sector 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12690 47
W2134528020 Opportunities and challenges for private sector entrepreneurship and investment in biodiversity, ecosystem services and nature conservation 2011 https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2011.629632 38
W2900460206 Corporate reporting and conservation realities: Understanding differences in what businesses say and do regarding biodiversity 2018 https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1839 7
W2969260349 The evolution of corporate no net loss and net positive impact biodiversity commitments: Understanding appetite and addressing challenges 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2379 7
W2883740377 Using conservation science to advance corporate biodiversity accountability 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13190 6
W2065840971 Accounting for the Unaccountable: Biodiversity Reporting and Impression Management 2014 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2497-9 5
W4321788242 Principles for using evidence to improve biodiversity impact mitigation by business 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3389 5
W2027193292 Managing Biodiversity Through Stakeholder Involvement: Why, Who, and for What Initiatives? 2015 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2668-3 4
W2056764751 Understanding changes in business strategies regarding biodiversity and ecosystem services 2012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.10.013 4
W2070209083 Problematising accounting for biodiversity 2013 https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2013-1255 4
W2778636465 Corporate Biodiversity Management through Certifiable Standards 2017 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2005 4
W2910752062 Improving corporate biodiversity management through employee involvement 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2273 4
W3038057993 Bringing sustainability to life: A framework to guide biodiversity indicator development for business performance management 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2573 4
W4387397656 Is biodiversity disclosure emerging as a key topic on the agenda of institutional investors? 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3587 4
W1999167944 Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet 2015 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259855 3
W2110588853 Stakeholders and environmental management practices: an institutional framework 2004 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.409 3
W2133943540 Business, Ecosystems, and Biodiversity 2013 https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026613490173 3
W2169019517 A review of corporate goals of No Net Loss and Net Positive Impact on biodiversity 2014 https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001476 3
W2782810353 Integrated extinction accounting and accountability: building an ark 2018 https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-06-2017-2957 3
W2901004189 Four priorities for new links between conservation science and accounting research 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13254 3
W2904889945 Embedding biodiversity and ecosystem services in corporate sustainability: A strategy to enable Sustainable Development Goals 2018 https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.34 3
W3088975513 Biodiversity and extinction accounting for sustainable development: A systematic literature review and future research directions 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2649 3
W3138714179 Extinction accounting and accountability: Empirical evidence from the west European tissue industry 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2763 3
W3211798116 Biodiversity disclosure, sustainable development and environmental initiatives: Does board gender diversity matter? 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2929 3
W4281611865 Business, biodiversity and ecosystem services: Evidence from large‐scale survey data 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3141 3
W4293059051 Editorial 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3186 3
W4304192477 Biodiversity management approaches in small and innovative businesses: insights from asystems thinkingperspective 2022 https://doi.org/10.1108/srj-03-2022-0113 3
W4307852789 Determining the economic costs and benefits of conservation actions: A decision support framework 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12840 3
W4307918879 Investigating biodiversity and circular economy disclosure practices: Insights from global firms 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2402 3
W4386883218 Integrating Biodiversity into Business Strategy: Theoretical Foundations and Exemplary Cases 2023 https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.1341425 3
W4386893707 Short‐term solutions to biodiversity conservation in portfolio construction: Forward‐looking disclosure and classification‐based metrics biodiversity conservation in portfolio construction 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3570 3
W1444047749 Bulldozing biodiversity: The economics of offsets and trading-in Nature 2015 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.07.037 2
W1757989792 Leading by Example: A Model of Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment 2013 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1835 2
W1853397149 Planetary Boundaries: Ecological Foundations for Corporate Sustainability 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01073.x 2
W1979185175 Biodiversity reporting in Denmark 2013 https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj:02-2013-1232 2
W1996435802 New Business Models for Biodiversity Conservation 2009 https://doi.org/10.1080/10549810902791481 2
W2053169259 Sustainable Development and Certification Practices: Lessons Learned and Prospects 2010 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.701 2
W2056960121 Sustainability reports as simulacra? A counter-account of A and A+ GRI reports 2013 https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-04-2012-00998 2
W2058832374 A review of determinant factors of environmental proactivity 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.450 2
W2081327878 Biodiversity reporting in Sweden: corporate disclosure and preparers’ views 2013 https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-02-2013-1228 2
W2108930428 Overexploiting marine ecosystem engineers: potential consequences for biodiversity 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02330-8 2
W2163177138 Biodiversity offsets in theory and practice 2013 https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531200172x 2
W2623114543 From the Big Five to the Big Four? Exploring extinction accounting for the rhinoceros 2018 https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-12-2015-2320 2
W2743053030 A blueprint towards accounting for the management of ecosystems 2017 https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-12-2015-2360 2
W2743276478 Accounts of nature and the nature of accounts 2017 https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-07-2017-3010 2
W2744356130 Best practices for corporate commitment to biodiversity: An organizing framework from GRI reports 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.07.012 2
W2784267580 The emancipatory potential of extinction accounting: Exploring current practice in integrated reports 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2017.12.001 2
W2786394464 Biodiversity and threatened species reporting by the top Fortune Global companies 2018 https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2016-2490 2
W2799473550 Institutional challenges for corporate participation in payments for ecosystem services (PES): insights from Southeast Asia 2018 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0569-y 2
W2802385971 Dependency of Businesses on Flows of Ecosystem Services: A Case Study from the County of Dorset, UK 2018 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051368 2
W2804041283 Palm oil supply chain complexity impedes implementation of corporate no-deforestation commitments 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.04.012 2
W2804246328 Integrating corporate social responsibility into conservation policy. The example of business commitments to contribute to the French National Biodiversity Strategy 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.05.007 2
W2889366632 Aiming higher to bend the curve of biodiversity loss 2018 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0130-0 2
W2910085412 Corporate biodiversity accounting and reporting in mega-diverse countries: An examination of indicators disclosed in sustainability reports 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.11.060 2
W2982548986 Net positive outcomes for nature 2019 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1022-z 2
W2984503917 The intention of companies to invest in biodiversity and ecosystem services credits through an online-marketplace 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.101026 2
W2995840337 Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change 2019 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax3100 2
W3002382966 European firms’ corporate biodiversity disclosures and board gender diversity from 2002 to 2016 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2020.100893 2
W3003182401 Progress in natural capital accounting for ecosystems 2020 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz8901 2
W3113465337 Rethinking zero deforestation beyond 2020 to more equitably and effectively conserve tropical forests 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.11.007 2
W3122213255 An empirical assessment of assurance statements in sustainability reports: smoke screens or enlightening information? 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.089 2
W3122665788 Innovating with Nature: From Nature-Based Solutions to Nature-Based Enterprises 2021 https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031263 2
W3165169375 Using technology to improve the management of development impacts on biodiversity 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2816 2
W3183653106 Corporate Payments for Ecosystem Services in Theory and Practice: Links to Economics, Business, and Sustainability 2021 https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158307 2
W4206053917 Closing the Gap Between Knowledge and Implementation in Conservation Science: Concluding Remarks 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81085-6_15 2
W4280528435 The making of imperfect indicators for biodiversity: A case study of UK biodiversity performance measurement 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3133 2
W4281559835 A resilience approach to corporate biodiversity impact measurement 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3140 2
W4292474513 Biodiversity accounting and reporting: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133677 2
W4311499193 Mainstreaming biodiversity in business decisions: Taking stock of tools and gaps 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109831 2
W4313407277 Implementing biodiversity reporting: insights from the case of the largest dairy company in China 2022 https://doi.org/10.1108/sampj-09-2021-0375 2
W4315707282 Nature-positive goals for an organization’s food consumption 2023 https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00660-2 2
W4319789152 Wildlife trafficking as a societal supply chain risk: Removing the parasite without damaging the host? 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12297 2
W4378087483 Exploring the prioritisation of biodiversity amongst small‐ to medium‐sized enterprise leaders with strong bigger‐than‐self value orientation 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3440 2
W4382940596 Biodiversity management: A supply chain practice view 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2023.100865 2
W4387685599 Extinction Accounting 2023 https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-9076-1.ch003 2
W4388180518 Determinants of sustainability reporting: A systematic literature review 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2645 2
W4389802877 The inclusion of biodiversity into Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) framework: A strategic integration of ecocentric extinction accounting 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119808 2
W4390607495 Manage biodiversity risk exposure? 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.104989 2

Identification of Concepts

OpenAlex assigns all works concepts. The concepts are in hirarchical order, ranging from 0 to 3. The higher the number, the more specific the concept. The concepts are assigned to the paper (id)

Level 0

``nwb #| label: l0 #|

level <- 0 fn <- file.path(“.”, “data”, paste0(“concepts_l”, level, “.rds”)) if (!file.exists(fn)) { x <- lapply( flat_snow[[“concepts”]], FUN = function(x) { x[[“display_name”]][x[[“level”]] == level] } ) |> unlist() |> table() |> as.data.frame() |> arrange(desc(Freq)) names(x) <- c(paste0(“l”, level, “_concept”), “count”) saveRDS(x, fn) }

fn |> readRDS() |> knitr::kable()


#### Level 1

```{r}`
#| label: l1
#|

level <- 1
fn <- file.path(".", "data", paste0("concepts_l", level, ".rds"))
if (!file.exists(fn)) {
    x <- lapply(
        flat_snow[["concepts"]],
        FUN = function(x) {
            x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == level]
        }
    ) |>
        unlist() |>
        table() |>
        as.data.frame() |>
        arrange(desc(Freq))
    names(x) <- c(paste0("l", level, "_concept"), "count")
    saveRDS(x, fn)
}

fn |>
    readRDS() |>
    knitr::kable()

Level 2

``nwb #| label: l2 #|

level <- 2 fn <- file.path(“.”, “data”, paste0(“concepts_l”, level, “.rds”)) if (!file.exists(fn)) { x <- lapply( flat_snow[[“concepts”]], FUN = function(x) { x[[“display_name”]][x[[“level”]] == level] } ) |> unlist() |> table() |> as.data.frame() |> arrange(desc(Freq)) names(x) <- c(paste0(“l”, level, “_concept”), “count”) saveRDS(x, fn) }

fn |> readRDS() |> knitr::kable()


#### Level 3

```{r}`
#| label: l3
#|

level <- 3
fn <- file.path(".", "data", paste0("concepts_l", level, ".rds"))
if (!file.exists(fn)) {
    x <- lapply(
        flat_snow[["concepts"]],
        FUN = function(x) {
            x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == level]
        }
    ) |>
        unlist() |>
        table() |>
        as.data.frame() |>
        arrange(desc(Freq))
    names(x) <- c(paste0("l", level, "_concept"), "count")
    saveRDS(x, fn)
}

fn |>
    readRDS() |>
    knitr::kable()

Level 4

``nwb #| label: l4 #|

level <- 4 fn <- file.path(“.”, “data”, paste0(“concepts_l”, level, “.rds”)) if (!file.exists(fn)) { x <- lapply( flat_snow[[“concepts”]], FUN = function(x) { x[[“display_name”]][x[[“level”]] == level] } ) |> unlist() |> table() |> as.data.frame() |> arrange(desc(Freq)) names(x) <- c(paste0(“l”, level, “_concept”), “count”) saveRDS(x, fn) }

fn |> readRDS() |> knitr::kable()


#### Level 5

```{r}`
#| label: l5
#|

level <- 5
fn <- file.path(".", "data", paste0("concepts_l", level, ".rds"))
if (!file.exists(fn)) {
    x <- lapply(
        flat_snow[["concepts"]],
        FUN = function(x) {
            x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == level]
        }
    ) |>
        unlist() |>
        table() |>
        as.data.frame() |>
        arrange(desc(Freq))
    names(x) <- c(paste0("l", level, "_concept"), "count")
    saveRDS(x, fn)
}

fn |>
    readRDS() |>
    knitr::kable()

Bibliographic

Reuse

Citation

BibTeX citation:
@report{krug,
  author = {Krug, Rainer M. and Nguyen, Tuan},
  title = {Snowball Sampling {BBA} {Chapter} 5},
  date = {},
  doi = {99.99.99999999},
  langid = {en},
  abstract = {A snowball literature using
    {[}OpenAlex{]}(https://openalex.org/) will be conducted and all
    steps documented. The literature search is for Section 5.1 of
    Chapter 5 of the IPBES Business and Biodiversity assessment.}
}
For attribution, please cite this work as:
Krug, Rainer M., and Tuan Nguyen. n.d. “Snowball Sampling BBA Chapter 5.” IPBES Data Management Report. https://doi.org/99.99.99999999.